TCP/IP is a collection of protocols used by computers to transfer data with each other on the internet. The primary goal of this process is to ensure data is transmitted reliably and accurately, so the receiver receives the same information that was sent by the sender. To achieve this, the TCP/IP model divides data into packets, which are then transmitted and reassembled at the destination.
Application Layer
This layer is responsible for end-to-end communication to provide services. Main protocols: HTTP, SSH, DNS, FTP, SMTP
Transport Layer
Transport layer ensures the reliability of data transmission. It exchanges acknowledgments for data receipt and retransmits any missing packets to ensure that they arrive in order and without errors. It also uses port numbers to identify the application.
Main protocols: TCP, UDP
Internet Layer
The Internet layer is responsible for routing, which means sending packets most efficiently from one device to another through complex networks. It achieves this by assigning each device a unique IP address, which is used to identify the device and determine the route that packets should take to reach it.
Main protocols: IP, ARP
Network Access Layer
The network access layer responsible for the physical transmission of data, that data is transmitted within the same network. It references the physical address, MAC, to provide reliable data transmission between directly connected nodes on the network.
Main protocols: Ethernet, LAN
When you enter "[http://www.google.com(:80)](http://www.google.com(:80)/)" into a web browser, the following process occurs.
